Studies show that Carnosine works to counteract harmful aging processes:

• Physical and muscle function decline, the decrease of muscle and bone capacity and integrity is counteracted by Carnosine. Carnosine helps to maintain and extend the function of cellular organisms and enzymes to improve physical activity capacity, fatigue threshold, and muscle functionality. ^1-5

• Oxidation, the reaction between free radicals and compounds in your body from cellular to systemic level, is counteracted by Carnosine. Carnosine scavenges free radicals and their derivatives to stop destructive chain reactions and damage to fat and DNA molecules. ^6-10
  

• Accumulation of excess metals, which occurs over time due to biochemical imbalance and dysfunction, is counteracted by Carnosine. Carnosine binds to the transition metal ions known to induce production of amyloid beta and other proteins that may lead to the development of neurodegenerative issues. ^11-12

• Mitochondrial dysfunction, which is the reduced efficiency of mitochondria leading to a reduced cellular energy supply and increased cellular imbalance, is counteracted by Carnosine. Carnosine alleviates and defends against aging induced oxidative stress on mitochondria by its various detoxification pathways, especially in vulnerable brain cells where mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to neurodegenerative processes. ^13-15
  

• Glycation of proteins, which is the undesirable and damaging modification of proteins by exposure to reducing sugars, is counteracted by Carnosine. Carnosine reduces glycation by sacrificing itself to protect other vulnerable proteins and vital biomolecules, such as enzymes and organ structure tissues. ^16-19
  

• Protein cross-linking, which occurs by oxidation or glycation and damages cells and tissues, is counteracted by Carnosine. Carnosine reacts with these abnormal proteins to assist in their elimination preventing further damage to cells and tissues. ^20-21